Permanently-curling device



Dec. 14 1926.

P. E. GAIRE PERMANENTLY CURLING DEVI CE Filed Nov. 30, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 14

P. E. GAIRE' PERMANENTLY CURLING DEVICE Filed Nov. 30, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet :5

Patented Dec. 14, 1926.

- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL EDMOND GAIRE, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

rnRMANENrLr-ouRLme :onvrcn.

Application filed November 30, 1925, Serial No. 72,370, and in Belgium May 29, 1925.

lh e object of my present invention is to provide a device whereby the hair of a woman may be easily wound upon a curling pin and durably fixed in the curling folds thus formed. the device being essentially based upon the principle of fixing hair by means of humid steam with subsequent drying by means of hot air.

The invention as illustrated byway of ex ample in the accompanying drawings, whereplete device.

Fig. 2 is an elevation of a curling box.

b Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the curling Fig. 4 shows a detail.

Fig. 5 is a view of a curling pin.

.Fig. 6 is a view of the curling box looking from the opposite side.

Fig. 7'shows another detail.

.Fig. 8 is an end view of a closed curling box provided with a particular clamping device.

Fig. 9 is a plan view thereof.

Fig. 10 is an elevation of a closed curling box provided-with another clamping device.

Fig. 11 shows anelevation of a modification thereof.

gig. 12 shows an improved curling pin an Fig. 13 shows another form of curling pm.

The device comprises two main parts: (at) the bracket with the boiler, distributor and air-heater, and (b) the curling boxes.

The bracket is formed'of a hollow vertical standard 1, supported by legs 2 and provided at its top part with a fixed ring 3 made integral with "two ears 4 between which is journaled the shaft 5 of a toothed pinion 6 actuated by means of a crank 7. Said pinion 6 meshes with a vertical rack 8 which is movable between said ears 4 and carried by a tube 9 slidably arranged within the hollow standard 1 through which it extends completely. The ring 3 carries a thumb-nut 10 extending through the standard 1 and serving to securethe tube 9 in the desired Vertical position.

Internally the rack carries a yoke 11 on which is secured a small boiler 12 heated bymeans of gas, oil petroleum or electricity.

Said boiler is provided with a cock 23,. a. pressure-gauge 24, level indicator and if desired a safety-valve. The same may be of Fig. 1 is a sectional elevationof the comany desired type and is supplied with water or any suitable mixture containing material known as being convenient for softening hair or holding hair in the folds formed. Said boiler which is movable with the tube 9 18 connected by a pipe 13 to the top of an apparatus, called distributor. The latter is formed of tightly closed reservoir 14 preferably of cylindrical shape, through the bottom of which extends a series of tubes 15 to some distance from the cover, said tubes be ing connected below the reservoir 14 to flexible tubes 16 the purposes of which will be described hereinafter. A cock 17 enables condensed water to be dischargedfrom the reservoir.

18 designates any desired fan or blower forcing cold air through a long flexible tube 19 which extends completely through the tube 9 to the top of a reservoir 26 carried 9. Said reservoir 26, in the example shown, is filled with electric resistances 21, insulated and wound upon a cross piece through which current is passed to quickly heat air )assing through the reservoir. Of course, sai resistances may be replaced by any desired heating system such as a gas burner, alcohol lamp and the like. The air thus heated passes into the connecting piece 22 which connects the reservoir 26 to the reservoir 14 with an intermediate cock 27 arranged above the end of the steam pipe 13.

The tubes 16 are hollow and made of copper or any other material being suitably flexible and at the same time sufficiently rigid to hold themin the desired position.

Each one of said tubes ends into a threaded portion engaged by a sleeve 28 designed to receive the-threaded end 29 of the curling device.

Said curling devices (Figs. 2 to 6) comprise a hollow metal cylinder, divided on a longitudinal plane into two semi-cylinders 45, hinged together at 30 and held 1n closed positionagainst each other by a spring 31 of suitable curvature pivoting on one semi cylinder and engaging a hook 32 on the other semi-cylinder. Obviously any sultable locking device may be used as a substitut-e for said spring and hook.

The cylinder is closed at both ends and the adjacent edges of both semi-cylinders are provided on their entire length wlth a roove, wherein the core of a rubber strip 33 is held,-said strip being made of T shape by a collar 20 made integral with the tube ('Fig. 4) with its head substantially mushroom-shaped so .as to completely cover the edge. In this way, if the two semi-cylinders are clamped against each other by the spring 31, the-strips of. rubber 33 will be pressed against each other to secure a tight joint. The threaded end 29 is merelya small tube with external threads. soldered, brazed or pressed on one semi-cylinder and connecting the interior of the cylinder to the corresponding tube 16 and therefore to the chamber 14. The bottoms of each cylinder sup ort centrally journals of an axle or pin 34 Fig. 2) which forms the curling pin.

' The active part of said axle (part on which hair will'be wound) is formed of a body the generating line of which is an arc of circle. At' one end the axle 34 carries a small ebonite pinion35 engaged by a pawl 41 (Fig. 3) pivotally arranged on the outer face of one of the cylinder bottoms. On the other end and outside the cylinder the axle 34 has a portion 36 of somewhat larger diameter, the outer face of which is provided with a central hole 37 and a diametrical groove 38 for the reception of the corresponding head 39 of a key 40, serving to rotate the curling pin after the cylinder has been closed.

In operation the cocks 23 and 27 being closed, and the curling. boxes being connected totheends ofthe flexible tube 16 and open, the height of the apparatus will be adjusted so that the boxes will lie substantially against the head of the person whose hair is to be curled. The tubes 16 will be bent so that the curling boxes will be arranged in the desired Way on the persons head and the locks of hair will be initially wound on the curling pins. To this end the curling pin will be withdrawn and the lock of hair will be wound thereon from the end thereof, and if the curling pin has been brought adjacent the head, it will be inserted into the box and the latter will be closed; if desired the curling pin may then be rotated further by means of the key 40. Now the hair is clamped between the longitudinal edges of the box and prevented from being unwound within the latter by the action of the pawl 41. In order to protect the persons head against the action of heat, a clip 42 will be inserted between the curling box and the persons head, said clip (Fig. 7 being formed of two arms, pivotally connected at one end and held in closed position by means of a hook 43 pivotally arranged on the end of one of said arms.

. After all the curling cylinders have been placed and closed, the cock 23 will be opened alone, whereby steam (or any suitable mixture) will be supplied to the reservoir 14, whence the same will flow through the tubes 15 and 16 into the curling boxes, boiling the hair. Holes 44 provided inthe locking the nearest possible to the semi-cylinders enable condensed steam to be discharged. Owing to the height or distance to which the tubes 15 extend above the bottom of the chamber 14, the hair will receive steam only and no water mixed with steam, which should be avoided. After a few minutes the cook 23 will be closed and the fan 18 put into action, after the current has been admitted to the resistances 21 and the cock 27 opened. Hot air thus produced will act directly on the hair and by the quick drying combined with the steam boiling, the hair will remain perfectly fixed in the folds. Thus I obtain permanent curling or waving according to the folds formed within half an ho ur or nearly so.

The closing and locking system' of the curling box may be modified advantageously so as to permit of an easier closing and M persons head as well as a tight closing.

As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, at each end one of the semi-cylinders 45 has two small U- shaped pieces 46, whilst the other semi-cylinder is provided, also on each end, with two projections 47 with a threaded hole arranged in the axis of the U-shaped piece carried by the first named semi-cylinder.

For clamping andlocking the two semicylinders I use screws 48 with square heads 49 extending through the projections 47 between the arms of the corresponding U- shaped piece 46, said screws being provided with a pin 50 at the end remote from their heads 49.

In order to close the curling box after the insertion of the curling pin, the four screws 48 will be turned by means of a suitable key so that thcir pins will be brought into a direction parallel to the arms of the different U-shapcd pieces. The semi-cylinder carrying said pieces will be placed upon the other so that the screws will. be brought between the arms of the diiferent-Us. By means of a suitable clip the two semi-boxes will be clamped against each other and the screws 48 will be turned until the pin-s 50 thereof will be strongly pressed against one branch of the corresponding U, whereby perfect locking and tightness will be secured.

According to Fig. 10, the two semi-cylinders 45 forming the curling box are connected and locked by means of two hollow slightly conical pieces 51 fitted on the ends of the box and clamped thereon by means of a suitable clip. one of said picccs having a lower opening to provide clearance either for the head 36 of the curling pin, 01' for the key described with reference to Fig. 6. If it is desired to remove the parts, it will be sufficient to exert by means of a clip a strong compression onthe central part of the semi-cylinders, whereby the two conical pieces 51 may be removed by hand.

Instead of conical caps 51, I may use rings 53 made of aluminium or hard rubber, provided with a strengthening flange 54. Said rings have a portion 55 turned downwardly bearing against the bottom of the curling box and serving to receive the pawl 56, engaging the ratchet 57 on the curling pin. Said rings may be easily placed on the curling box, the two halves of the latter being clamped together by means of any suitable device and the same are very inexpansive, so that for the same curling-box I may have a set of rings the circumferences of which vary from one millimeter, for instance in order to always secure a tight closing notwithstanding the wear of the rubber inserted between the two semi-cylinders.

Vith the form of curling pin shown in Figs. 5 and .6. the winding of hair is ditticult because the hair will not be clamped on the pin at the beginning of the winding.

Figs. 12 and 13 show modifications serving to avoid this objection.

According to Fig. 12, the body of the curling pin is divided on the major portion of its length into two longitudinal halves 58 and fa around the part 58 and having at its other end a reduced extension 60, designed to slidably enter a corresponding notch 61 in the part 58.

If it is desired to Wind a lock of hair, the part 58' will be raised (see position in .the drawing), the hair will be placed flat upon the diametrical plane of the part 58, the part 58' will be turned downwardly and after the curling pin has been drawn to the end of the lock of hair, the part 60 will be clamped into the notch 61, whereupon the hair will be wound by simply rotating the curling pin.

The same effectimay be obtained by providing the body of the curling pin with a longitudinal slot, engaged upon the clamping of the "hair by a rod pivoting at one' end on the body of the curling pin, said rod serving the same purpose as the part 58' of the bipartite curling pin.

The improvement shown in Fig. 13 resides in the factthat the body of the curling pin (made of one or two pivoting parts) is provided on its entire length with minute parallel notches 62, the effect of which is to retain the hair during the windingand operation. Said notches may be arranged on one or two helical lines extending from the ends of the curling pin and united in the centre thereof. Having now fully described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A curling device, comprising in combination curling pins, each formed of a cylindrical body produced by a concave the portion 58 pivoting at 59 inc" pin and a pawl engagingsaid ratchet,

substantially as set forth.

2. A curling device, comprising in combination curling pins, each formed of a cylindrical body produced by a concave gen erating line, a cylinder formed of two halves carrying said body, means serving to clamp said halves against each other, suitable rubber strips between the adjacent edges of said halves, a ratchet on the curling pin and a pawl engaging said ratchet, and means for the insertion of a particular key into the box acting to rotate said curling pin, substantially as set forth.

3. A permanently curling device,. comprising in combination curling pins, tightly closed boxes containing the same, means for first submitting hair wound upon said pins to steam. and-means for quickly drying the curled hair by means of hot air, short tubes on said boxes, and flexible tubes adapted to be connected to said short tubes, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A permanently curling device, comprising in'combination curling pins, tightly closed boxes containing the same, means for first submitting hair wound upon said pins ,to steam, and means for quickly drying the ltlt) first submitting hair wound upon said pins to steam and means for quickly drying the curled hair by means of hot air, short tubes on said boxes, a tight reservoir, rigid tubes connected to said short tubes and extending through said reservoir to some distance from the top thereof, and a steam boiler connected to said reservoir, a second reservoir connected to the first named reservoir, a heating device within said second reservoir, a fan adapted to force cold air into the latter, and means for cutting the communication between the two reservoirs, substantially as set forth.

6. A permanently curling device, comprising in combination curling pins, tightly closed boxes containing the same, means for first submitting hair wound upon said pins to steam and means for quickly drying the curled hair by means of hot air, short tubes on said boxes, a tight reservoir, rigid tubes connected to said short tubes and extend- &

ing through said reservoir to some distance from the top thereof and a steam boiler connected to said reservoir, :1 second reservoir connected to the first named reservoir, a heating device within said second reservoir. a fan adapted to force cold air into the latter, and means for cutting the com-- munication between the two reservoirs, a vertical tube carrying said curling boxes, reservoirs and boiler, a hollow standard within which said vertical tube is adapted to slide, means for raising andlowering said tube within the standard as desired, substantially as set forth.

7. A curling pin for use in a curling device comprising a cylindrical body produced by a'concave generating line formed with a series of narrow grooves in the surface thereof. 1

8. "A curling pin for use in a curling device comprising a cylindrical body produced by a concavewgenerating line 'fOllIlQd with a series of narrow helical grooves .in the surface thereof.

my hand PAUL EDMOND GAIRE. 

